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Taliban bans many subjects for women in Afghan varsities_我的网站

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A |     

  中新网5月15日电 (记者 甘甜) 2004年8月12日,52岁的李显龙在新加坡总统府宣誓就任新加坡第三任总理。    Kabul, Oct 15 (UNI) A year after banning most teenage girls from attending school, the Taliban are imposing sweeping restrictions on which courses women can enroll for in at public universities, a BBC report said.

The choice for female students can vary from university to university, and depending on which part of the country you're in, the BBC found. Women are allowed to take medicine and nursing in all provinces, as well as teacher training and Islamic studies.

But veterinary science, engineering, economics and agriculture appear off-limits to women nationwide, while opportunities to study journalism are extremely limited.

The militant group have said the correct "Islamic environment" needs to be created for older girls to be allowed back into schools. However, more than a year after they returned to power this still has not happened in most provinces, with reports suggesting hardliners in the group remain opposed to it.

Many girls did not get to complete their final year at school as girls were banned from high school by the Taliban after they seized power in August 2021, the BBC said.

The Taliban did, however, make the decision that girls who were in the last year of school could also sit university entrance exams.

This hope though appears short-lived with the limitations on the subjects being introduced for women only.

At several universities, the BBC report said, female students were given the option of taking a test in subjects such as nursing, midwifery or literature, which are among the courses on offer at the seven faculties open to them at Nangarhar, but not in journalism.

University professors who supervised the entrance examination there confirmed to the BBC that boys would be allowed to choose any subject they want.

Officials expect 100,000 students (including 30,000 women) were likely to take university entrance exams in Afghanistan this year, the BBC said.

The academic year starts either in March or August, and it usually takes two to three months for entrance exam results to be announced. Now, with the Taliban back in power, nobody is sure when the results will be released, the BBC reported.

Male and female students have been taking the exams separately - in line with Taliban rules on segregating students by gender - for example boys in the morning, girls in the afternoon or by using screens in exam halls. In some provinces where the candidate numbers were high, entrance exams were held over two or three days.

Activists told the BBC, the number of female students applying for university will fall dramatically in the coming years, unless the Taliban reopen secondary schools to girls from grades 6 to 12.

Taliban officials are downplaying the restrictions. Abdul Qadir Khamush, who heads the examinations division in the Ministry of Higher Education, says girls can choose their favourite subject, with the exception of just three or four.

"We need to provide separate classes for women. In some areas the number of female candidates are low. So we are not allowing women to apply for certain courses."

Officials are yet to reveal the number of university places on offer this year.

Afghanistan's education sector was badly affected after the Taliban takeover and there has been an exodus of trained academics after the withdrawal of US-led forces last year.

The country's economy has been largely dependent on foreign aid in recent decades, but aid agencies have partly - and in some cases fully - withdrawn support to the education sector after the Taliban refused to allow girls into all secondary schools.

Many of the teaching staff who remain go unpaid for months, the BBC reported.

Taliban restrictions on which subjects girls can study are not always uniformly applied across the country, the BBC discovered. For instance, in Kabul University, girls are still allowed on some courses in the journalism faculty.

But girls cannot circumvent the distance-rule. The Taliban have divided the country into a number of zones and girls are not allowed to study outside them, in what amounts to another very serious restriction based on sex, the BBC found.

UNI ING。

B | 就职仪式上,李显龙同其父亲、当时还在世的新加坡“国父”李光耀微笑握手,留下了新加坡政坛历史上的经典一幕。

  主政20年来,李显龙践行承诺——齐心建设新加坡经济,开创美好将来,把“成年后的一生”奉献给了新加坡。
  如今,李显龙正式向新加坡总统尚达曼递交他和整个政府的辞呈,辞呈于2024年5月15日生效。黄循财15日宣誓就任新加坡第四任总理。当天,李显龙宣誓就任国务资政,继续在内阁服务。
  当被问及20年来有何遗憾或不舍时,李显龙在近日接受媒体采访时坦言,“没有什么遗憾,应该做的,我们已经做了,成绩让人家去评估。”
图为2004年李显龙宣誓就任新加坡总理后与自己的父亲李光耀握手。

C |

  李显龙1952年生于新加坡,是新加坡首任总理李光耀的长子。

D | 在李显龙成长过程中,父亲对他的言传身教、耳濡目染,影响了他的人生理念。

  1954年,李显龙两岁时,新加坡人民行动党成立。自他懂事开始,便经常见到叔叔、伯伯到家中开会。1959年,李显龙七岁时,新加坡实现自治,李光耀出任总理。自此,跟随父亲到选区去,成了李显龙的课外活动之一。

E |

  李显龙学习成绩优异,中学毕业后,进入新加坡国家初级学院就读,后赴英国剑桥大学深造,主修数学和计算机。
  李显龙也喜欢摄影,常常在社交媒体上分享生活。

F | 近日在接受媒体采访时,他提及卸任后的计划,其中之一就是希望学习摄影或者人工智能(AI)课程,实践“终身学习”精神。

资料图:当地时间2015年10月1日,李显龙连任新加坡总理,出席就职仪式。
  自20世纪80年代起,李显龙步入新加坡政坛,先后担任新加坡国防部第二部长、贸工部长、副总理兼财政部长等职。2004年8月,李显龙就任新加坡总理,后四度连任。
  回看李显龙从政生涯,新加坡《联合早报》评价称,其已成为“新加坡政治历史的见证人、参与者与续写者”。

G |

  新加坡国立大学李光耀公共政策学院副教授顾清扬在接受中新网专访时表示,从个人执政风格来看,李显龙具有“亲和力”和“包容性”,出现在公共场合时总是笑容满面。施政方面,李显龙也重视减少贫富差距,照顾弱势群体。

H |

  特别是,顾清扬强调,李显龙在应对危机方面具有前瞻性眼光,“懂得如何利用危机,为下一步发展作准备”。
  李显龙2004年接任总理前,新加坡刚经历了非典疫情,到了2008年,又遭遇全球金融危机冲击。顾清扬认为,面临冲击,李显龙首次动用国家储备金帮助新加坡逐步恢复经济,并推出振兴配套计划,这样的行动可以说是“非常果敢”。
  在李显龙带领下,新加坡成为活力且多元的经济体,不仅实现了人均国内生产总值的大幅增长,经济发展结构也更加多元化。

I | 新加坡总统尚达曼为此致函李显龙说,“是你给了人民信心,团结地度过每个难关。”

资料图:2018年6月11日,时任美国总统特朗普抵达新加坡总统府,与李显龙进行了双边会晤。

J |

  2018年6月在新加坡,朝鲜最高领导人金正恩与时任美国总统特朗普举行会晤,使得这个位处亚太冲要的“小国家”,成为演绎全球“大外交”的焦点国家,吸引无数目光。

K |

  对于新加坡在此次历史性会晤中所扮演的角色,李显龙在接受媒体采访时,给出了一个低调的回答,“我们只是为这个场合倒倒茶。”
  实际上,这背后所折射出的,是新加坡所奉行的“平衡外交”战略。

L | 自称“倒茶人”的李显龙,如何为新加坡外交政策锚定方向,引道导航?

  顾清扬对中新网指出,作为小国,新加坡的生存之道在于通过加快国际化发展来实现自身发展,即外交方面广结人脉,和主要大国保持友好关系。同时,新加坡也希望成为世界上某些对立国家或地区之间的“调和者”,为世界和平发展做贡献。
  对于其外交政策,李显龙本人这样阐述道,“我们还是一个小红点,更红了,但依然小。当所有人都在挤压彼此时,我们也要维护我们的利益,而我们不是块头最大的一方。

M | 我们要站稳立场,这需要大量的工作,也让外交部非常忙碌。”

  李显龙也是中国人民熟悉的“老朋友”,是来华访问最多的外国领导人之一。据新加坡《联合早报》统计,过去20年里,李显龙访问中国14次。
  多年来,李显龙多次强调学习华语的重要性。2021年,为了勉励新冠疫情下的新加坡人共克时艰,李显龙在国庆群众大会上发表演讲时,甚至哼起了华语老歌《春天里》,引得台下掌声阵阵。
  “‘春天里来百花香,朗里格朗里格朗里格朗’。”唱罢,李显龙又用一口流利的华语说道,“最有意思的是最后几句歌词,‘不用悲、不用伤,前途自有风和浪……向前进,莫彷徨,黑暗尽处有曙光’。”
  顾清扬指出,中国在国际事务和全球治理中扮演着越来越重要的角色,新加坡也一贯重视对华关系。过去20年来,李显龙继承了李光耀的外交传统,注重与中国发展关系。
  顾清扬提到,一个细节在于,李显龙“花了大力气”去了解中国的文化和语言,他的华语讲得非常娴熟,这也体现出其务实的一面。在李显龙任内,新中关系始终保持高水平发展,相信未来也将继续开展广泛合作。
当地时间2015年3月29日,李光耀的国葬仪式举行,李显龙致悼词。
  在新加坡民众眼中,李显龙总是言笑晏晏、亲切和蔼。

N | 但在某些特殊时刻,人们也看到了这位挑起了一国重担的领导者,难以忍住的眼泪和澎湃的情感。

  1982年,30岁的李显龙遭遇人生重大打击,第一任妻子黄名扬因心脏病去世。直到2003年,李显龙在媒体采访中谈到前妻时,依然会眼眶泛红,坦言那是他人生的“至暗时刻”。
  2015年,李显龙又失去了他尊敬的父亲李光耀。在向新加坡国民发表电视讲话期间,李显龙数度哽咽,难掩悲痛之情。他说,“(李光耀)他把一生奉献给新加坡……他的离去对新加坡和我家人来说,是个巨大的损失。”
  八年后,同样把“成年后的一生”奉献给了新加坡的李显龙,再度哽咽。这次的泪水,是为他自己而流。

o |

  “能为国服务,是我莫大的福气与荣幸。”2023年底,李显龙宣布交棒给新加坡副总理兼财政部长黄循财。

p | 他在讲话中,回顾了自己的从政生涯。

  他一度哽咽,无法言语,沉默约40秒以平复情绪,在场听众纷纷起立鼓掌。
  “我担任总理20年了。新加坡和人民行动党历经许多考验和磨难,已彻底转变。但有些事永远不会改变。我们仍然为新加坡全心全意奉献。”他呼吁全力支持黄循财及其团队,携手将新加坡推向新的高度。

q |

  掌声与泪水中,李显龙转身走出新加坡政治舞台的最中心,留下风云故事,交予后世评说。

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